| History |
 | Sequence chronologically major eras of American history and key events within these eras in order to examine relationships and to explain cause and effect. |
| Understand narratives about major eras of American and world history by identifying the people involved, describing the setting, and sequencing the events. |
| Reconstruct the past by comparing interpretations written by others from a variety of perspectives and creating narratives from evidence. |
| Evaluate key decisions made at critical turning points in history by assessing their implications and long-term consequences. |
| Geography |
| Describe, compare, and explain the locations and characteristics of places, cultures, and settlements. |
| Describe, compare, and explain the locations and characteristics of ecosystems, resources, human adaptation, environmental impact, and their interrelationships. |
| Describe, compare, and explain the locations and characteristics of economic activities, trade, political activities, migration, information flow, and their interrelationships. |
| Describe and compare characteristics of ecosystems, states, regions, countries, major world regions, and explain the processes that created them. |
| | Describe and explain the causes, consequences, and geographic contexts of major global issues and events. |
| Civics |
| | Identify purposes of national, state, and local governments in the United States. |
| | Explain the meaning and origin of the ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and other foundational documents of the United States. |
| Describe the political and legal processes created to make decisions, seek consensus and resolve conflicts in a free society. |
| Explain how American governmental institutions, at the local, state, and federal levels, provide for the limitation and sharing of power. |
| | Understand how the world is organized politically, the formation of American foreign policy and the roles the United States plays in the international arena. |
| Economics |
| | Describe and demonstrate how the economic forces of society and choice affect the economic well-being of individuals and society. |
| Explain and demonstrate how businesses confront scarcity and choice when organizing, producing, and using resources. |
| | Describe how government decisions on taxation, spending, public goods, and regulation impact what is produced and how it is produced. |
| Explain how a free market economic system works. |
| | Describe how trade generates economic development and interdependence. |
